Evaluating the Role of Goat Milk Bioactives in Immune Modulation of Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis
Aelita Adilkhan
11/08/2026
Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis immune overreaction to environmental allergens such as pollen. The overreactions include processes that result in inflammation and symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and irritation of the respiratory tract (Akhouri & House, 2023; Husna et al., 2022). Since seasonal allergies are characterized by dysregulation of immune responses and inflammation, recent studies have been more focused on the effects of nutritional bioactive compounds on the immune system. This literature review explored the possible effect of bioactive compounds in goat milk on the immune responses to seasonal allergies. The main compounds found in goat milk include caseins, whey proteins, bioactive peptides, fatty acids, and oligosaccharides. Current evidence suggests that peptides released during digestion from goat milk may have an impact on the regulation of cytokines, lower inflammation, and contribute to broader Immunomodulatory effects (Hassan et al., 2026). Goat milk is additionally introduced as a functional food because of its digestibility and biologically active composition (AlKaisy et al., 2023). Yet, at this time there is not much direct clinical research or evidence to prove that goat milk improves immune responses associated with seasonal allergies. While this review indicates that bioactive compounds of goat milk could be biologically applicable to immune pathways involved in seasonal allergies, their medicinal role is still unclear and should be researched further in vivo.