Quality vs Quantity: Analyzing and Examining the Various Predictors of Closeness in Friendships and Relationships Between Adolescents and Adults

Closeness, which is defined in this circumstance as deep emotional intimacy felt by both or multiple parties in a relationship, is a fundamental construct of psychology. However, the general public often hold lay beliefs on what they believe produces closeness. It is unclear whether the science of closeness aligns with the beliefs of lay people. Through a systematic view of existing literature, such as the hallmark studies on self-disclosure and “emotionships”, this work tests the hypothesis that certain factors have more of an impact when it comes to the maintenance of closeness and the quality of friendships, while other factors commonly associated with closeness by lay people are, in reality, more helpful when it comes to the initiation and quantity of friendships. Although lay theories frequently emphasize proximity, shared history, and personality as crucial towards maintenance of closeness, the findings suggest that these variables are insufficient for long-term closeness. Furthermore, while certain traits significantly impact relationship quality, reciprocation of behaviors emerges as the primary driver of closeness. This paper concludes that closeness is an active, adaptable state of friendship rather than a fixed product of personality or circumstance.