March 2026

The majority of U.S. Spanish speakers are Latin American, not Spanish. However, Peninsular Spanish (from Spain) is often treated as the standard in U.S Spanish language education, despite Spain’s population making up only about 10% of world Spanish speakers. Spanish heritage language learners in ...

Women's golf in the United States is at a crossroads: participation is at record levels, and professional women's golf has achieved global commercial success, yet deep inequalities still exist at every level. This paper reviews recent studies to explore four interconnected topics in women’s golf in the U.S ...

Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm and 1 μm respectively, have emerged as ubiquitous environmental contaminants with significant implications for human health. This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on human exposure pathways, ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) has a profound clinical impact, contributing to both morbidity and mortality. Standard diagnostic methods, such as measuring serum creatinine (SCr) and urine output levels (UO), are insensitive to early injury. This study’s purpose was to identify AKI biomarkers conserved across models

The research question of this extended essay investigates language attrition and its impact on identity among second-generation Spanish speakers in the United States. The research uses Social Identity Theory, acculturation, assimilation models, and heritage language research as its theoretical framework. It ...

This study investigated the biodegradation rates of various biodegradable plastics in soil and aqueous environments, demonstrating that these materials do not always degrade as efficiently as expected due to their strong dependence on environmental conditions. Biodegradation was examined under controlled ...

As artificial intelligence continues to become more prevalent in society, more people begin to rely on it on a day-to-day basis, sometimes also for financial decisions. Considering money plays a big role in many people’s lives, the accuracy of artificial intelligence models that play the role of being financial advisories ...

American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities experience disproportionately high rates of substance exposure and related health disparities. While these inequities are well documented in national datasets, fewer studies synthesize how different forms of substance exposure, prenatal alcohol exposure, ...

Global soil salinization is increasing at an annual rate of approximately 10%, threatening to claim 50% of arable land by 2050. High salinity adversely affects crop production by inducing osmotic and ionic stress, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cellular structures. Beyond ...

The Georgia Electoral Integrity Act (Senate Bill 202 or SB 202) passed in 2021, to reform the Georgian election system and address the institutional problems which plagued the 2020 general election. However, many of its policies proved quickly controversial, including shortening the early voting period and ...

This paper aims to assess whether labor migration networks are a medium for business cycle transmission across economies. To achieve this, this study utilizes a set of causal machine learning algorithms, such as causal forests and double machine learning, to estimate the heterogeneous treatment effects of labor ...

Machine learning models and artificial intelligence techniques have increasingly been applied to financial forecasting problems involving large volumes of historical market data. This paper investigates whether Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks can learn useful patterns from historical equity price ...

Globally, approximately 110 million lab animals die every year in clinical testing or from extermination post-experimentation (Diaz et al.). This issue has been debated and discussed in many areas of the medical and veterinary world. Along with this, prices to maintain live testing animals present financial

This paper develops a first-order normative ethical theory grounded in a metaphysical interpretation of Nietzsche’s will to power. I argue that between psychological and metaphysical readings, the latter provides the strongest foundation for ethics. Against critiques from Habermas and others, I defend that

This paper investigates whether the observed properties of GLASS-z12, a very high-redshift galaxy observed in the JWST SMACS 0723 field, align with predictions made by the Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model of cosmology. Using JWST NIRCam imaging products and a spectroscopic redshift of ...

This research paper explores the evolution of the perception of female madness from Classical Greek tragedy to Victorian Era literature by examining how societal norms and patriarchal structures have shaped the way the ‘madwoman in the attic’ is portrayed in literature. Beginning with an analysis of ...

Telomeres protect chromosome ends and shorten with cellular replication, contributing to cellular senescence, pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), genomic instability at critical lengths, and age‑related pathology. This review examines telomere biology, its role in aging and ...

Thailand’s climate action policy, the Alternative Energy Development Plan (AEDP2018), aims to reduce Thailand’s carbon footprint, transitioning from traditional fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and vitalizing economic growth sustainably (Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency,

Stem cells are characterized by their capacity for self-renewal and differentiation. This makes them essential components of tissue regeneration. Among adult populations, multipotent hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs), which are located primarily in the follicular bulge, show significant regenerative potential. This ...

This study evaluates the efficiency of using borough and time to predict long-term crime patterns in London. The data was taken from Metropolitan Police Service records from 2008-2016. Furthermore the crime counts were aggregated annually at borough level and modeled as a function of borough and year. ...

Since the 1996 welfare reform replaced Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), many states adopted “family-cap” policies that deny additional cash benefits following the birth of an additional child. Proponents argued that these caps ...

Stock price prediction is a challenge that meets both finance and data science, which is important for investment strategy and economic analysis. This research investigates the application of machine learning models to forecast stock prices using past market data. By using many datasets’ stock prices (open, close ...

Cancer deaths are largely attributable to late diagnosis and lack of recurrence surveillance, especially seen in low and middle income countries. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in plasma provides a minimally invasive window into tumor biology, making it a promising biomarker for cancer detection and monitoring due to ...

This literature review incorporates data from sleep-related electrophysiology, neuroimaging, and behavioral studies to explore how sleep spindles support the consolidation of memory and influence cognitive functioning. Sleep is an active biological process that supports memory consolidation, learning ...

This study investigates the impact of biomechanical and demographic variables on short-sprint performance in elite athletes. A biomechanical variable is a quantifiable, measurable parameter used to describe motion, forces, or physical characteristics and in this study, biomechanical variables relating to ...

Metabolic stress responses in cancer cells are commonly examined through isolated pathway analysis, but the interconnectivity between metabolic stressors and immune evasion mechanisms such as Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression remains poorly understood. This study investigated how serum ...

The study of the quantification of partisan Gerrymandering is still a contentious topic in mathematics and statistics. Though a host of techniques have been developed, each having certain strengths and weaknesses, no definitive universally applicable method has been arrived at. This study presents a

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with core symptoms of restricted, repetitive behaviors and social interaction deficits, often negatively impacting quality of life. Several treatments exist for ASD, though in many cases they do not completely address core symptoms.

This paper explores the potential of pre-existing large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini, to assist in judging Original Oratory (OO), a category in competitive speech and debate, although in the future it should expand into other speech and debate events. As judging in speech ...

This paper investigates the trade liberalisation - FDI nexus for a panel of developing and emerging economies that initiated reforms relating to trade liberalisation at different periods of time. The study compares FDI inflows in the pre - reform, hyper - reform, and post - reform periods using a dataset of ...

In 2001, AOL acquired Time Warner in a massive $165 billion transaction. This deal was made to combine legacy media with brand new technology, but ultimately ended in failure, with major culture clashes, the dot-com bubble, and an inability to meet their promises to the public. These deals can help ...

As generative artificial intelligence (AI) becomes integrated into secondary education, concerns regarding "cognitive atrophy" and the erosion of student critical thinking have intensified. This research explores the intersection of AI over-reliance and the stunting of cognitive development in high school students. ...

Endometrial cancer, also known as uterine cancer, develops when cells in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, grow uncontrollably. The most at-risk demographics for this specific cancer are women older than the age of 55 and post-menopausal women. Even though the cancer has high survival rates when ...

Since the emergence of Marx and his revolutionary political thought, Germany became a center of leftist thought, particularly from the turn of the 20th century to the beginning of World War II. Countless German leftist thinkers expanded on or even opposed Marxist thought, leading to a natural division in ...

Prolonged periods of famine have been linked to a number of long-term physical health issues beyond those related to immediate malnutrition. The evidence of this has accumulated over several decades of study, showing that nutritional deficiencies during the critical periods of development can cause ...