The Influence of Language Ideologies on Lexical Borrowing:
Russian and Spanish-Speaking Perspectives

This paper, reviewing the founding literatures of language ideologies and borrowing, puts them into conversation to examine the relationship between language ideologies and lexical borrowing. Specifically analyzing them together to explore how these ideological frameworks affect the likelihood of a community adopting foreign words. Additionally, this paper draws on case studies of English borrowings into Russian throughout history as well as English borrowings into both Castilian and Mexican Spanish. These cases illustrate how language ideologies, such as purism and standardization, have influenced borrowing practices. In addition, the analysis examines how the ideological processes of erasure, iconization, and fractal recursivity shape the way languages incorporate or resist foreign elements. Finally, it considers how key characteristics of language ideologies, such as positionality, multiplicity, and speaker awareness, further inform these borrowing patterns.