Can Construction Robotics Build More Sustainably?

This paper examines the sustainability of construction robotics and the role of Construction 4.0 technologies in supporting their implementation within the modern construction industry. The study investigates how construction robotics can reduce environmental impacts and support sustainable building practices. A literature review methodology was used to analyse existing research on construction robotics across environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability, with particular emphasis on environmental impacts. The findings show that construction robotics can support environmental sustainability through improved material and resource efficiency, reduced waste and rework, and enhanced monitoring and inspection. However, environmental trade-offs associated with energy consumption, material production, equipment manufacturing, and other life-cycle impacts must also be considered. Sustainability contributions also vary by application, with additive manufacturing, on-site robots, and UAVs providing benefits through different mechanisms. Overall, the findings suggest that construction robotics is not inherently sustainable; its sustainability depends on factors such as energy sources, material selection, life-cycle impacts, and responsible implementation. The integration of Construction 4.0 technologies and effective human–robot collaboration may further support the efficiency, safety, and sustainability of robotic systems in construction.