A Literature Review: Mental Health Consequences of Long-Term Injuries in Elite Student-Athletes

Despite increased research surrounding the mental health of elite student-athletes in recent years, investigation that is specific to the impact of long-term injuries on psychological well-being remains limited. Specifically, there is a particularly prevalent gap in research on high school student-athletes. While a 2020 study reported that 75% of high school athletes feel overwhelmed (Ballesteros and Tran, 2020), it is unusual for young athletes to be provided with educational resources about the psychological impact of injuries. This literature review will explore the relationship between long-term injuries and mental health disorders faced by elite high school aged athletes, as well as collegiate athletes. In recent peer-reviewed studies, there were several stressors faced by elite student-athletes dealing with long-term injuries that were identified as most common. Identified stressors included identity loss, extreme academic and athletic pressure, social isolation, and the negative stigma that surrounds mental health. The stigma surrounding mental health often prevents athletes from seeking needed help. They are fearful that this demand will cause them to appear weak and vulnerable in comparison to teammates or competitors. This literature review emphasizes the need for accessible mental health resources, early mental health training to build resilience, increased acknowledgement that it is not unusual to face psychological challenges, and recognition that it is important to face such challenges head-on and ask for support when needed. If these gaps are addressed, student-athletes will be better supported during not only recovery, but also for the future.