Winter 2026 Special Edition (Jan-Mar)

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in adolescents have increased significantly, with reconstructions in patients under 15 years rising 425% from 1994 to 2006. The skeletal immaturity of this population introduces unique surgical considerations regarding repair technique selection and physeal approach, yet comparative evidence on functional outcomes remains limited. ...

This research inquires how a heavily sanctioned state can endure and adapt by developing multiple evasion strategies. Using North Korea as a case study, the research examines how and under what conditions countries can adapt to the effects of international sanctions. The research relied on ...

The Higgs boson is crucial to the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, explaining how fundamental particles receive mass through interactions with the Higgs field. The symmetry breaking mechanism within the Higgs potential, which gives mass to the weak force bosons, is crucial to ...

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, underscoring the need for safer and more effective interventions that improve patient outcomes. The success of traditional open-heart surgery and catheter-based procedures are limited by the heart’s constant motion and the fragility of ...

The world is currently facing an environmental dilemma. Industries and governments globally must decide between maintaining relatively low transportation prices at the expense of atmospheric CO2 emissions, and upheaving current transportation infrastructure to pave the way for environmentally ...

The study of the quantification of partisan Gerrymandering is still a contentious topic in mathematics and statistics. Though a host of techniques have been developed, each having certain strengths and weaknesses, no definitive universally applicable method has been arrived at. This study presents a ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest-growing neurological disorder globally, with nearly 90,000 new diagnoses annually in the U.S. alone. The disease is driven by the aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), which destroys dopaminergic neurons. Current therapies, such as levodopa, only provide symptomatic ...

This paper evaluates the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and metal chelators for the treatment of prion diseases. Using data from current scientific journals and from biomedical research databases such as PubMed, this review compares the ...

A scalable and self-configurable model has been proposed to optimize the red light waiting times for any traffic signal in any high-density area. The Adaptive Traffic Optimization Model (ATOM) uses a combination of heuristic and exhaustive algorithms that provide a cost-effective and practical way of ....

The photoelectric effect, foundational to quantum mechanics, has been predominantly characterized in vacuum environments for over a century, with emission thresholds considered intrinsic material properties. This theoretical study explores how electrochemical interfaces modify these thresholds in ...

This paper investigates whether the observed properties of GLASS-z12, a very high-redshift galaxy observed in the JWST SMACS 0723 field, align with predictions made by the Lambda-Cold Dark Matter (CDM) model of cosmology. Using JWST NIRCam imaging products and a spectroscopic redshift of ...

The present review focuses on the intersection of major stressors and their impact on adolescent development. By examining the literature on coping mechanisms, this review seeks to identify factors that mediate or moderate the relationship between these stressors and adolescent outcomes. This ...

In 2015, the Rwandan Ministry of Education revolutionized the national curriculum to meet global standards. The core curriculum was refined to encompass a vast range of skills extending beyond the existing emphasis on isolated knowledge acquisition to better complement modern interdisciplinary ...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and ultimately respiratory failure. Motor neurons are specialized nerve cells that control voluntary muscle ...

The main aim of this meta-analysis was to gather information from studies regarding how air quality is correlated with lung function by measuring spirometry values (FEV1 and FVC), classified according to age. Although numerous investigations have found a general association between air quality and ...

This paper aims to formalize Basic Prudential Hedonism (BPH)-which holds that an agent's prudential obligation lies in maximizing net pleasure and constructs a tailored instrumental obligation framework for ignorant, learning hedonistic agents. It first clarifies BPH's philosophical foundations (e.g., prudence-morality separation, hedonic welfare) and defends its three core theses (phenomenological, calculation, ...

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons, leading to paralysis and eventual death. TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) has emerged as a central pathological hallmark in both sporadic and familial ALS cases. ...

CRISPR, or Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats, are segments of DNA that are naturally found in many bacteria and form the basis of the immune system protecting organisms from foreign elements and viruses (Makarova, 67). These CRISPR sequences contain palindromic sequences ...

This article examines the influence of international organizations on Kazakhstani higher education. After Kazakhstan gained independence from the Soviet Union, one of the main challenges was the transformation of Kazakhstani universities from their structure and knowledge based on Soviet ideology ...

The research question of this extended essay investigates language attrition and its impact on identity among second-generation Spanish speakers in the United States. The research uses Social Identity Theory, acculturation, assimilation models, and heritage language research as its theoretical framework. ...

This study investigated the biodegradation rates of various biodegradable plastics in soil and aqueous environments, demonstrating that these materials do not always degrade as efficiently as expected due to their strong dependence on environmental conditions. Biodegradation was examined under controlled variations of temperature, pH, salinity, and microbial activity to simulate real-world disposal ...

In 2001, AOL acquired Time Warner in a massive $165 billion transaction. This deal was made to combine legacy media with brand new technology, but ultimately ended in failure, with major culture clashes, the dot-com bubble, and an inability to meet their promises to the public. These deals can help expand market share and drive valuation, but they are not without risks. The goal of my project is to ...